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 Bihar Board 12th Biology Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2

Bihar Board 12th Biology Important Questions Short Answer Type Part 2

Question 1.
What is biotic component of Ecosystem?
Answer:
(a) Producer
(b) Consumers
(c) Decomposer.

Question 2.
Why are the testes of human male considered extra abdominal?
Answer:
The human testes lie in scrotum out side the body cavity.

Question 3.
Define ovulation? On which day it occur in a menstrual cycle?
Answer:
Ovulation is expulsion of ovum from ovary. It takes place on 14th day of mensuration.

Question 4.
What is difference between spermatogenesis and Oogenesis?
Answer:
Spermatogenesis – It gives rise to sperm.
Oogenesis – It is polar bodies formed which are not formed during spermatogenesis.

Question 5.
Name the Chemicals released by the acrosome during fertilization.
Answer:
Spenrtlysin is secreated by acrosome during fertilization.

Question 6.
Differentiate between trophectoderm and ectoderm.
Answer:
Trophoecotoderm – It is outer cellular envelop of Blasto Cyst where an ectoderm is the outermost cellular type of gastrula.

Question 7.
Name the hormone secreted by human placenta.
Answer:
(a) Oestrogen, HCG, Human Chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 8.
What is Colostrum?
Answer:
It is the first milk that comes from the mammary glands of the mother just after childbirth for 2 – 3 days.

Question 9.
Difference between Vasectomy and tubectomy.
Answer:
Vasectomy – Sterilization procedure in the male in called Vasectomy.
Tubectomy – Sterilization procedure in the female is called tubectomy.

Question 10.
Name the devices which are used under the barrier method of contraception.
Answer:

• Condom
• Diaphragm
• Cervicalcap and
• Vaults.

Question 11.
Name any four STD’s disease with their causal agents.
Answer:

Disesase	Causative agent
1. Syphilis	Treponema Pattidum
2. AIDS	HIV
3. Hepatitis	Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
4. Gonorrhoea	Neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 12.
Comment upon genetic equilibrium.
Answer:
Total genes and their alleles in a population (Gene pool) remain constant called genetic equilibrium.

Question 13.
Write main points of Lamarckism.
Answer:

• Due to internal force, living things continuously increased.
• Effect of environment results new needs that produce new structure.
• Inheritance of acquired characters.

Question 14.
Differentiate between homology and analogy.
Answer:
Homology – It is study of entier relationship of homologous structure.
Analogy – It is study of analogous structure.

Question 15.
Name four living fossils.
Answer:

1. Limulus
2. Latimeria
3. Gingko biloba
4. Cycas.

Question 16.
Name Two features of Australopithecus.
Answer:
It was about 1.5 meter in height. It was with bipedal locomotion, omnivorous diet and had erect posture. It had human like teeth and had erect posture.

Question 17.
Comment upon H.M.S. Beagle.
Answer:
In 1831 Darwin got an opportunity to travel on H.M.S. Beagle ship in which Charles Darvin sailed around the world.

Question 18.
Differenciate between convergent and divergent evolution.
Answer:
Divergent Evolution – Development of different functional structural from a common form.
Convergent Evolution – Development of similar adaptive functional structure in unrelated group of organism.

Question 19.
Mention two evidences of organic evolution.
Answer:
The evidence of organic evolution comes from the study of homology and analogy of organs and palaeontology.

Question 20.
Which is responsible for sex determination in chick-sperm or ovum.
Answer:
Ovum is responsible for sex determination in chick because female produces two types of gamete where one male produces same type of sperm.

Question 21.
What is Sickle-Cell anaemia.
Answer:
Sickle Cell anaemia is an autosomal hereditary disorder in which erythrocytes become sickle shaped under oxygen deficiency.

Question 22.
What is bioinformatics?
Answer:
It is the science concerned with development and application of computer hardware and software to the analysis.

Question 23.
What is repetitive DNA?
Answer:
It is the DNA having multiple copies of identical sequence of nitrogen base.

Question 24.
Explain Chiru?
Answer:
Antilope is called Chiru.

Question 25.
Name four indigenous Cow.
Answer:

1. Sahiwal
2. Red Sindhi and
3. Gir.

Question 26.
What is neurosis?
Answer:
It is a kind of mental disease of Maladaptive state.

Question 27.
Enumerate the symptoms of syphilis.
Answer:

• Initially a red painless ulcer appears at the site of infection (eg. Penis, Vagena and Cervix).
• In late, fever, lymph node, pink skin all over the body and joint pain.

Question 28.
What is opsonization?
Answer:
It is process of identifying pathogen by phagocyte.

Question 29.
What do you mean by cellular immunity?
Answer:
The immunity obtained by lymphocyte is called cell immunity.

Question 30.
Name four Indian Common Carp.
Answer:

1. Rohu (Labeo rohita)
2. Catla (Catla Catla)
3. Mangur (Clarias batrachus)
4. Calbasu (Labeo Calbasu).

Question 31.
Name four types of Silk.
Answer:

1. Mulberry Silk
2. Tasar Silk
3. Moonga Silk
4. Arandi Silk.

Question 32.
What is artificial insemination?
Answer:
It is the technique of transfer of siemens of male into the reproductive tract of female invitro.

Question 33.
What is inbreeding?
Answer:
It is the process of reproduction among similar animals of a species for obtaining pure line.

Question 34.
What birds are use for poultry farming.
Answer:

• Chicken
• Sturkeys
• Ducks
• Gees Swans
• Fowls
• Pigeons.

Question 35.
Name four carcinogens.
Answer:
(A) Radiation i.e.

• X-ray
• U. V. rays
• Cosmic rays

(B) Tumour Viruses
(C) Mustard gas.

Question 36.
Differentiate between population and community.
Answer:
Population – It is a group of individuals of a single species found in an area.
Community – It is a group of different species found in an area.

Question 37.
Enumerate any four characteristics of population.
Answer:

1. Birth rate
2. Death rate
3. Age distribution
4. Population Size.

Question 38.
Discuss about Sarcoma?
Answer:
These cancers are located in connective and muscular tissues derived from mesoderm.

Question 39.
Differentiate between hibernation and aestivation. Give one example of each.
Answer:
(A) Hibernation – It is winter sleep in which animal passes the winter period in dormant condition.
(B) Aestivation – It is summer sleep.

Question 40.
Mention any two adaptation found in organisms of desert.
Answer:

• Devices developed to reduce water loss so that leaves modified into Spines and Stem becomes succulent.
• C4 Photosynthesis mechanism develops.

Question 41.
Construct grazing food chain.
Answer:
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk.

Question 42.
Distinguish between primary and Secondary productivity.
Answer:
Primary productivity – Rate of synthesis of organic matter by producer.
Secondary productivity – Rate of synthesis by organic matter by consumers.

Question 43.
Constant pyramid of number of grassland ecosystem.
Answer:
Pyramid of number of grassland Ecosystem

Question 44.
Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession.
Answer:
Primary succession – It occurs in an area which has been bare where soil is absent.
Secondary succession – It occurs in an area which have developed recently where soil is present on substratum.

Question 45.
Describe two factors for loss of biodiversity.
Answer:

1. Habit fragmentation or loss.
2. Overexploitation of biodiversity.

Question 46.
What is red data Book.
Answer:
Red data Book in a catalogue at taxa facing risk of extinction.

Question 47.
Differentiate between the following:
(i) Asexual and sexual reproduction.
(ii) Binary fission and multiple fission.
(iii) Primary and secondary sex organs.
Answer:
(i) Asexual and sexual reproduction:

Asexual reproduction	Sexual reproduction
1. Always uniparental.	1. Generally biparental except Taenia, Fasciola.
2. No gametes are involved.	2. Male and female gametes are involved.
3. Only mitotic divisions takes place.	3. Meiosis occurs at gametogenesis. Mitosis occurs after fertilization.
4. Somatic cells are involved.	4. Germ cells are involved.
5. Offsprings are genetically identical to the parent.	5. Offsprings are genetically different from the parent.

(ii) Binary fission and multiple fission:

(iii) Primary and secondary sex organs:

Primary sex organs	Secondary sex organs
1. These form the gametes.	1. These help in conduction of gametes
2. They secrete sex hormones.	2. They do not secrete sex hormones.
3. Their growth, maintenance and functions are controlled by gonad tropins of anterior pituitary.	3.  Their growth, maintenance and functions are controlled by sex hormones secreted by gonads.